System.out.println("Hello");
System.out.println("Test");
System.out.println("Test Again");
Hello
Test
Test Again
// java style to import library
import java.util.Scanner;

// class must alway have 1st letter as uppercase, CamelCase is Java Class convention
public class ScanPrimitives {
    public static void main(String[] args) {    
        Scanner input;

        // primitive int
        input = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter an integer: ");
        try {
            int sampleInputInt = input.nextInt();
            System.out.println(sampleInputInt);
        } catch (Exception e) {  // if not an integer
            System.out.println("Not an integer (form like 159), " + e);
        }
        input.close();

        // primitive double
        input = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a double: ");
        try {
            double sampleInputDouble = input.nextDouble();
            System.out.println(sampleInputDouble);
        } catch (Exception e) {  // if not a number
            System.out.println("Not an double (form like 9.99), " + e);
        }
        input.close();

        // primitive boolean
        input =  new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a boolean: ");
        try {
            boolean sampleInputBoolean = input.nextBoolean();
            System.out.println(sampleInputBoolean);
        } catch (Exception e) {  // if not true or false
            System.out.println("Not an boolean (true or false), " + e);
        }
        input.close();

        // wrapper class String
        input =  new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a String: ");
        try {
            String sampleInputString = input.nextLine();
            System.out.println(sampleInputString);
        } catch (Exception e) { // this may never happen
            System.out.println("Not an String, " + e);
        }
        input.close();
    }
}
ScanPrimitives.main(null);
Output Primitive Data
The second key to to all programming is Output. All programming has means to format and combine data. In these examples you see descriptions of the mathematical operation combine with the result of the operation.

public class PrimitiveDivision {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int i1 = 7, i2 = 2;
        System.out.println("Integer Division");
        System.out.println("\tint output with concatenation: " + i1 + "/" + i2 + " = " + i1/i2);
        System.out.println(String.format("\tint output with format: %d/%d = %d",i1, i2, i1/i2));
        System.out.printf("\tint output with printf: %d/%d = %d\n",i1, i2, i1/i2);

        double d1 = 7, d2 = 2;
        System.out.println("Double Division");
        System.out.println("\tdouble output with concatenation: " + d1 + "/" + d2 + " = " + d1/d2);
        System.out.println(String.format("\tdouble output with format: %.2f/%.2f = %.2f",d1, d2, d1/d2));
        System.out.printf("\tdouble output with printf: %.2f/%.2f = %.2f\n",d1, d2, d1/d2);

        System.out.println("Casting and Remainders");
        System.out.printf("\tint cast to double on division: %d/%d = %.2f\n",i1, i2, i1/(double)i2);
        System.out.println("\tint using modulo for remainder: " + i1 + "/" + i2 + " = " + i1/i2 + " remainder " + i1%i2);
    }
}
PrimitiveDivision.main(null);
// java style to import library
import java.util.Scanner;

// class must alway have 1st letter as uppercase, CamelCase is Java Class convention
public class ScanPrimitives {
    public static void main(String[] args) {    
        Scanner input;

        // primitive int
        input = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter an integer: ");
        try {
            int sampleInputInt = input.nextInt();
            System.out.println(sampleInputInt);
        } catch (Exception e) {  // if not an integer
            System.out.println("Not an integer (form like 159), " + e);
        }
        input.close();

        // primitive double
        input = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a double: ");
        try {
            double sampleInputDouble = input.nextDouble();
            System.out.println(sampleInputDouble);
        } catch (Exception e) {  // if not a number
            System.out.println("Not an double (form like 9.99), " + e);
        }
        input.close();

        // primitive boolean
        input =  new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a boolean: ");
        try {
            boolean sampleInputBoolean = input.nextBoolean();
            System.out.println(sampleInputBoolean);
        } catch (Exception e) {  // if not true or false
            System.out.println("Not an boolean (true or false), " + e);
        }
        input.close();

        // wrapper class String
        input =  new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a String: ");
        try {
            String sampleInputString = input.nextLine();
            System.out.println(sampleInputString);
        } catch (Exception e) { // this may never happen
            System.out.println("Not an String, " + e);
        }
        input.close();
    }
}
ScanPrimitives.main(null);
Output Primitive Data
The second key to to all programming is Output. All programming has means to format and combine data. In these examples you see descriptions of the mathematical operation combine with the result of the operation.

public class PrimitiveDivision {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int i1 = 7, i2 = 2;
        System.out.println("Integer Division");
        System.out.println("\tint output with concatenation: " + i1 + "/" + i2 + " = " + i1/i2);
        System.out.println(String.format("\tint output with format: %d/%d = %d",i1, i2, i1/i2));
        System.out.printf("\tint output with printf: %d/%d = %d\n",i1, i2, i1/i2);

        double d1 = 7, d2 = 2;
        System.out.println("Double Division");
        System.out.println("\tdouble output with concatenation: " + d1 + "/" + d2 + " = " + d1/d2);
        System.out.println(String.format("\tdouble output with format: %.2f/%.2f = %.2f",d1, d2, d1/d2));
        System.out.printf("\tdouble output with printf: %.2f/%.2f = %.2f\n",d1, d2, d1/d2);

        System.out.println("Casting and Remainders");
        System.out.printf("\tint cast to double on division: %d/%d = %.2f\n",i1, i2, i1/(double)i2);
        System.out.println("\tint using modulo for remainder: " + i1 + "/" + i2 + " = " + i1/i2 + " remainder " + i1%i2);
    }
}
PrimitiveDivision.main(null);
// imports allow you to use code already written by others.  It is good to explore and learn libraries.  The names around the dots often give you a hint to the originator of the code.
// these are objects
import java.util.Scanner; //library for user input 
import java.lang.Math; //library for random numbers
// java style to import library
double mass;
double accel;
double Force;
double ac;
double m;
double mod1;
double mod2;
double result;


public class Menu {
    // Instance Variables
    public final String DEFAULT = "\u001B[0m";  // Default Terminal Color // final = not going to change, static means element is not changing (not part of the object)
    public final String[][] COLORS = { // 2D Array of ANSI Terminal Colors
        {"Default",DEFAULT},
        {"Red", "\u001B[31m"}, 
        {"Green", "\u001B[32m"}, 
        {"Yellow", "\u001B[33m"}, 
        {"Blue", "\u001B[34m"}, 
        {"Purple", "\u001B[35m"}, 
        {"Cyan", "\u001B[36m"}, 
        {"White", "\u001B[37m"}, 
    };
    // 2D column location for data
    public final int NAME = 0;
    public final int ANSI = 1;  // ANSI is the "standard" for terminal codes

    // Constructor on this Object takes control of menu events and actions
    public Menu() {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);  // using Java Scanner Object
        
        this.print();  // print Menu
        boolean quit = false;
        while (!quit) {
            try {  // scan for Input
                int choice = sc.nextInt();  // using method from Java Scanner Object
                System.out.print("" + choice + ": ");
                quit = this.action(choice);  // take action
            } catch (Exception e) {
                sc.nextLine(); // error: clear buffer
                System.out.println(e + ": Not a number, try again.");
            }
        }
        sc.close();
    }

    // Print the menu options to Terminal
    private void print() {
        //System.out.println commands below is used to present a Menu to the user. 
        System.out.println("-------------------------\n");
        System.out.println("Choose from these choices");
        System.out.println("-------------------------\n");
        System.out.println("1 - Say Hello");
        System.out.println("2 - Output colors");
        System.out.println("3 - Loading in color");
        System.out.println("4 - F=ma calculator");
        System.out.println("0 - Quit");
        System.out.println("-------------------------\n");
    }

    // Private method to perform action and return true if action is to quit/exit
    private boolean action(int selection) {
        boolean quit = false;

        switch (selection) {  // Switch or Switch/Case is Control Flow statement and is used to evaluate the user selection
            case 0:  
                System.out.print("Goodbye, World!");
                quit = true;
                break;
            case 1:
                System.out.print("Hello, World!");
                break;
            case 2:
                for(int i = 0; i < COLORS.length; i++)  // loop through COLORS array
                    System.out.print(COLORS[i][ANSI] + COLORS[i][NAME]);
                break;
            case 3:
            Scanner input;

            // primitive int
            input = new Scanner(System.in);
            System.out.println("Modulos calculator");
            System.out.print("Enter your first number:");
            try {
                double mod1 = input.nextDouble();
                System.out.println(mod1);
                // m = mod1;
            } catch (Exception e) {  // if not an integer
                System.out.println("Not an integer (form like 159), " + e);
            }
            input.close();
            
            // primitive int
            input = new Scanner(System.in);
            System.out.print("Enter the second number: ");
            try {
                double mod2 = input.nextDouble();
                System.out.println(mod2);
                // ac = accel;
            } catch (Exception e) {  // if not an integer
                System.out.println("Not an integer (form like 159), " + e);
            }
            input.close();
    
            System.out.println("Modulos Calculator");
            double result = mod1 % mod2;
            System.out.print(mod1 + "modulos" + mod2 + '=' + Force);
    break;
            case 4:
            // java style to import library
// class must alway have 1st letter as uppercase, CamelCase is Java Class convention

        Scanner input4;

        // primitive int
        input4 = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("F=ma calculator");
        System.out.println("Enter the mass: ");
        try {
            double mass = input4.nextDouble();
            System.out.println(mass);
            m = mass;
        } catch (Exception e) {  // if not an integer
            System.out.println("Not an integer (form like 159), " + e);
        }
        input4.close();
        
        // primitive int
        input4 = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter the accel: ");
        try {
            double accel = input4.nextDouble();
            System.out.println(accel);
            ac = accel;
        } catch (Exception e) {  // if not an integer
            System.out.println("Not an integer (form like 159), " + e);
        }
        input4.close();

        System.out.println("Force calculator");
        double Force = m * ac;
        System.out.print(m + "*" + ac + '=' + Force);

                break;
                    
            default:
                //Prints error message from console
                System.out.print("Unexpected choice, try again.");
        }
        System.out.println(DEFAULT);  // make sure to reset color and provide new line
        return quit;
    }

    // Static driver/tester method
    static public void main(String[] args)  {  
        new Menu(); // starting Menu object
    }

}
Menu.main(null);